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Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization, rheology and foamability of poly(lactic acid) containing

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 12,   Pages 2074-2087 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2342-8

Abstract: In this study, the rheological properties, crystallization and foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid) with polyamide 6 nanofibrils were examined with polyethylene glycol as a compatibilizer. Polyamide 6 particles were deformed into nanofibrils during drawing. For the 10% polyamide 6 case, polyethylene glycol addition reduced the polyamide 6 fibril diameter from 365.53 to 254.63 nm, owing to the smaller polyamide 6 particle size and enhanced interface adhesion. Rheological experiments revealed that the viscosity and storage modulus of the composites were increased, which was associated with the three-dimensional entangled network of polyamide 6 nanofibrils. The presence of higher aspect ratio polyamide 6 nanofibrils substantially enhanced the melt strength of the composites. The isothermal crystallization kinetics results suggested that the polyamide 6 nanofibrils and polyethylene glycol had a synergistic effect on accelerating poly(lactic acid) crystallization. With the polyethylene glycol, the crystallization half-time reduced from 103.6 to 62.2 s. Batch foaming results indicated that owing to higher cell nucleation efficiency, the existence of polyamide 6 nanofibrils led to a higher cell density and lower expansion ratio. Furthermore, the poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 foams exhibited a higher cell density and expansion ratio than that of the foams without polyethylene glycol.

Keywords： poly(lactic acid)     foaming     microfibrillation     rheological property     crystallization    

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Viscoelasticity of Water-stop Rubber Based onThree-parametric Rheology Model

Liu Lihua,Xiong Wei,Zhang Hongzhi,Zhang Qingjiang

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 8,   Pages 69-71

Abstract: the basic expression formula for viscoelasticity of water-stop rubber based on the three- parametric rheology Combining the viscoelastic test of some high-head gate water-stop materials,  the rheology

Keywords： high-head gate     rubber     viscoelasticity     rheology    

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Stability of three-dimensional printable foam concrete as function of surfactant characteristics

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering   Pages 935-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0964-z

Abstract: Extrudability is one of the most critical factors when designing three-dimensional printable foam concrete. The extrusion process likely affects the foam stability which necessitates the investigation into surfactant properties particularly for concrete mixes with high foam contents. Although many studies have been conducted on traditional foam concrete in this context, studies on three-dimensional printed foam concrete are scarce. To address this research gap, the effects of surfactant characteristics on the stability, extrudability, and buildability of three-dimensional printed foam concrete mixes with two design densities (1000 and 1300 kg/m3) using two different surfactants and stabilizers (synthetic-based sodium lauryl sulfate stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, and natural-based hingot surfactant stabilized with xanthan gum) were investigated in this study. Fresh density tests were conducted before and after the extrusion to determine stability of the foam concrete. The results were then correlated with surfactant qualities, such as viscosity and surface tension, to understand the importance of key parameters in three-dimensional printing of foam concrete. Based on the experimental results, surfactant solu1tion with viscosity exceeding 5 mPa·s and surface tension lower than 31 mN/m was recommended to yield stable three-dimensional printable foam concrete mixes. Nevertheless, the volume of foam in the mix significantly affected the printability characteristics. Unlike traditional foam concrete, the variation in the stabilizer concentration and density of concrete were found to have insignificant effect on the fresh-state-characteristics (slump, slump flow, and static yield stress) and air void microstructure of the stable mixes.

Keywords： foam concrete     3D printable concrete     stability     rheology     air void microstructure    

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Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0003-0

Abstract: Using an in situ lunar regolith as a construction material in combination with 3D printing not only reduces the weight of materials carried from the Earth but also improves the automation of lunar infrastructure construction. This study aims to improve the printability of a geopolymer based on a BH-1 lunar regolith simulant, including the extrudability, open time, and buildability, by controlling the temperature and adding admixtures. Rheological parameters were used to represent printability with different water-to-binder ratios, printing temperatures, and contents of additives. The mechanical properties of the hardening geopolymer with different filling paths and loading directions were tested. The results show that heating the printed filaments with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 at 80 °C can adjust the printability without adding any additive, which can reduce the construction cost of lunar infrastructure. The printability of the BH-1 geopolymer can also be improved by adding 0.3% Attagel-50 and 0.5% polypropylene fiber by mass at a temperature of 20 °C to cope with the changeable environmental conditions on the Moon. After curing under a simulated lunar environment, the 72-h flexural and compressive strengths of the geopolymer specimens reach 4.1 and 48.1 MPa, respectively, which are promising considering that the acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth.

Keywords： geopolymer     lunar regolith simulant     3D printing     rheology     printability    

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Investigation of effects of Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binder

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 99-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0799-4

Abstract: In this study, bituminous binder was modified with Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical, a non-ionic surfactant, and the physical and rheological properties of modified binders were investigated. In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamide has been used for the first time to modify bituminous binder, and this situation makes the study distinctive. Bituminous binder was modified more than once with the chemical by changing modification parameters and using certain additive ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%). The effects of different modification parameters and chemical additive on modified samples were investigated with conventional bitumen tests (softening point, penetration, ductility) and Superpave tests (rotational viscometer, rolling thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer). In addition, the structural characteristics of the reference binder and modified samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The examinations showed that Cocamide Diethanolamide softens bituminous binder and lowers processing temperatures. In addition, compared to reference binder, rutting resistances of modified bituminous binders decreased with the increase of additive ratio. However, modification with Cocamide Diethanolamide increased the resistance to fatigue cracks and thermal cracks.

Keywords： Cocamide Diethanolamide     bitumen modification     rheology     Superpave tests    

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The investigation of fly ash based asphalt binders using atomic force microscope

Rajan SAHA, Kyle MALLOY, Emil BAUTISTA, Konstantin SOBOLEV

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 380-387 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0437-3

Abstract: Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a relatively new technique for investigation of construction materials. In this study AFM was used to investigate the interaction of asphalt binder with fly ash. Fly ash is a coal combustion byproduct of electric power utilities having pozzolanic properties and commonly used in Portland cement concrete. In this study, an investigation was made by using different types of fly ash with two types of asphalt binders such as PG 58-28 and PG 64-28. Asphalt microstructure is divided into four subgroups such as Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltenes (SARA). These four phases can be distinguished by the atomic force microscope. The interaction of these phases affected by introducing fly-ash was investigated and correlation with rheological properties was observed.

Keywords： AFM     fly ash     bee     rheology     asphalt    

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Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 806-819 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0731-y

Abstract: quantitative basis could be established on which to discuss the relationship between the PMB morphology and rheology

Keywords： polymer     bitumen     microstructure     rheology     viscoelasticity    

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Adsorption properties of polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer on cement particles and their resultant dispersion

Jinyoung YOON; Byoung Il CHOI; Jae Hong KIM

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 506-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0813-5

Abstract: The cement dispersion performance of a polycarboxylate (PCE)-based superplasticizer is highly related to their adsorption behaviors as a function of time. This study evaluated effects of PCEs on rheological properties of cementitious materials. First, characteristics of PCEs were characterized via permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The adsorption behavior of single and blended PCEs on cementitious composites was identified using total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). Based on the measurement of PCE adsorption, the changes of rheological properties of cementitious materials as well as the number of dispersed cement particles were characterized using a rheometer and laser spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results support the systematic mechanism of PCE adsorption, cement dispersion, and the decrease in viscosity of cementitious materials.

Keywords： adsorption     polycarboxylate     superplasticizer     rheology     dispersion    

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Rheological behavior of PMVE-MA aqueous solution with metallic cations

Xiaoping DONG, Li LI, Jun XU, Xuhong GUO

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 126-130 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0548-z

Abstract: The rheological properties of aqueous solutions of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PMVE-MA) upon addition of metallic cations at different pH values were investigated. Sol-gel transition and shear-thickening phenomena at moderate shear rate were observed upon increasing the amount of metallic cations, especially for cupric cation. At certain molar ratio ( ) of added cupric cations to carboxyl groups in PMVE-MA, the system became gel-like, and the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) were parallel and exhibited a power-law dependence on the frequency, which is consistent with Winter’s hypothesis of determining the gel point of a crosslinking system. The shear-thickening behavior depends on , pH, metallic valence, and temperature.

Keywords： poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)     shear-thickening     gel point     rheology    

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New approach to determine the plastic viscosity of self-compacting concrete

M. BENAICHA,X. ROGUIEZ,O. JALBAUD,Y. BURTSCHELL,A. Hafidi ALAOUI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 198-208 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0327-5

Abstract: The rheology of concrete is best measured with the use of a rheometer.

Keywords： rheology     viscosity     V-funnel     flow profile     rheometer     behavior    

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Numerical Modeling of Water Waves Interaction With Soft Mud Beds: Based on an Empirical Rheology Model

Qi Peng,Hou Yijun

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 39-45

Abstract:

On the basis of the semi-empirical rheology model of soft mud under such oscillatory external forcesThe rheology model used is featured by remarkable hysteresis loops in the relationships of shear strain

Keywords： mud mass transport     wave attenuation     soft mud bed     rheological model    

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Developing trend of oil & gas pipeline flow assurance technology

Li Li,Miao Qing,Tong Wenqiang,Song Fei,Xu Haihong,Liang Jinghua

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 47-51

Abstract:

Through systematical research and complex analysis of how the main safety facts affect flow characteristics of oil & gas pipeline, oil & gas pipeline flow assurance is a series of technology which aims to ensure the safe operation of pipeline. The history, current research and future trend of oil & gas pipeline flow assurance are discussed. It is presented that this research field contains four main topics, which include oil rheological research and application, oil & gas pipeline flow improver research, flow characteristics of batch transportation of oil & product oil. The future focus of this research field is presented.

Keywords： flow assurance     crude oil rheology     pipeline flow improver     batch transportation    

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Preparation and Characterization of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on BH-1 Lunar Soil Simulant with Low Alkali Content Article

Siqi Zhou, Chenghong Lu, Xingyi Zhu, Feng Li

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 1631-1645 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.016

Abstract: Rheological test findings showed that the rheology of BH-1 pastes fits the Herschel–Bulkley model

Keywords： Space exploration     Lunar base     Geopolymer     Lunar soil simulant     Rheology    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization, rheology and foamability of poly(lactic acid) containing

Journal Article

Viscoelasticity of Water-stop Rubber Based onThree-parametric Rheology Model

Liu Lihua,Xiong Wei,Zhang Hongzhi,Zhang Qingjiang

Journal Article

Stability of three-dimensional printable foam concrete as function of surfactant characteristics

Journal Article

Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

Journal Article

Investigation of effects of Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binder

Journal Article

The investigation of fly ash based asphalt binders using atomic force microscope

Rajan SAHA, Kyle MALLOY, Emil BAUTISTA, Konstantin SOBOLEV

Journal Article

Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer

Journal Article

Adsorption properties of polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer on cement particles and their resultant dispersion

Jinyoung YOON; Byoung Il CHOI; Jae Hong KIM

Journal Article

Rheological behavior of PMVE-MA aqueous solution with metallic cations

Xiaoping DONG, Li LI, Jun XU, Xuhong GUO

Journal Article

New approach to determine the plastic viscosity of self-compacting concrete

M. BENAICHA,X. ROGUIEZ,O. JALBAUD,Y. BURTSCHELL,A. Hafidi ALAOUI

Journal Article

Numerical Modeling of Water Waves Interaction With Soft Mud Beds: Based on an Empirical Rheology Model

Qi Peng,Hou Yijun

Journal Article

Developing trend of oil & gas pipeline flow assurance technology

Li Li,Miao Qing,Tong Wenqiang,Song Fei,Xu Haihong,Liang Jinghua

Journal Article

Preparation and Characterization of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on BH-1 Lunar Soil Simulant with Low Alkali Content

Siqi Zhou, Chenghong Lu, Xingyi Zhu, Feng Li

Journal Article